写作
词汇补充
more and more替换为increasingly/the increasing number of
From a historical/traditional/economic/social/personal perspective,…
high-rise building
emission n. 排放;散发 = discharge v. 排放;释放 n. 排出物;排放
environment deterioration 环境恶化
alleviate v. 缓解;减轻 = relieve v. 缓和;减轻;解除
aging n. 老龄化;变老
enact v. 颁布(法律);制定;通过
release v. 释放;发布;放出
policy n. 政策;方针
rule n. 规则;条例
law n. 法律;法规
develop v. 发展;开发;制定
plan n. 计划;方案 v. 计划;打算
privatize v. 私有化
democratic adj. 民主的;民主制度的
attract immigrant 吸引移民
implement v. 实施;执行;贯彻
小作文
- 数据图表:线图、柱状图、饼图、表格
- 流程图与地图
大作文
- 观点类:Agree or Disagree、Discuss both views
- 利弊类:Advantages and Disadvantages
- 问题解决类:Problem and Solution
评分标准:任务完成情况、连贯与衔接、词汇丰富程度、语法多样性及准确性
题目信息可能包含:背景,观点,写作任务
开头句三种方法:
- 现状法(配合具象思维)
In recent years/Nowadays, there has been a growing concern about…
- 定义法(配合被动语态)
…can be defined as …
…is generally considered to be…
be regared as
- 争议法(引出普遍观点)
There is an ongoing debate about whether…
There are varying views on…
people have different preferences when it comes to…
…plays an important role in today’s world.
People have different views about the role and function of…
开头段:
背景句+题目重述/改写+给出自己观点/回应题目要求
From my perspective, the priority should be given to …
From my personal perspective…
I take the attitude that…
注:不抄题目,不出现main point,给出明确观点,回应题目要求
Discuss both view
偏向
首段:背景句+题目观点改写/表达自己观点
Although some may argue/believe that…, I take the attitude that…
主体段:
主体段1:It is understandable why some people argue/think/believe/consider that…
论点1+论据1,论点2+论据2
主体段2:Despite there above arguments, I still support people who believe that…
论点1+论据1,论点2+论据2
结尾:in conclusion, It seems to me that…(总结论点)Therefore,…(再次表达观点)
共存
首段:背景句+题目观点改写+表达自己观点
Some may argue/believe that…,while others take the attitude that…From my personal perspective,…
主体段:
主体段1:It is understandable why some people argue/think/believe/consider that…
论点1 + 论据1,论点2 + 论据2
主体段2:On the other hand, others argue/believe/claim that…
论点1 + 论据1,论点2 + 论据2
结尾:In conclusion, while one side stresses…, the other focuses on… Personally, I believe that integrating both ideas offers a more comprehensive solution to the issue.
Agree or Disagree
四个观点:
- 100% agree/disagree
- 偏向 agree/disagree
表达观点的句子:
I strongly/totally(100%) agree/disagree with the given statement/view.
I partly(60-70%)/overall(70-80%) agree/disagree with the given statement/view.
I agree/disagree with the given statement/view to some(60-70%)/a large(70-80%) extent.
首段:
背景句+题目观点改写+表达自己观点
It is sometimes argued that…From my perspective,…
若偏向,其余同Disguss both views.
报告类 原因/解决方法
第一段:Introduction
There are multiple reasons that can account for the phenomenon and several solutions can be implemented to alleviate/deal with this problem.
第二段:Causes First, one of the main reasons for … is …
The main cause is that …
Another reason of … is …
The underlying cause of … is that …
I believe that this can be attributed to …
第三段:Solutions
A feasible solution to … is to …
The problem would become a manageable one if …
Schools, communities and governments should disseminate knowledge about … to raise the public awareness, which could help all citizens can form a habit of … from a young age.
第四段:Conclusion
In conclusion, it seems to me that (the causes & solutions)
论点
话题词+思想。比论据宽泛,最好能概括论据
One of the main/major reasons/factors/advantages/disadvantages/contributors is…
One of the strongest arguments against/in favour of … is …
… exert/have a positive/detrimental influence on …
… play a/an vital/important/irreplaceable role in …
In addition to …,… should …
六大衔接句型
1️⃣ 引出观点句型
- There is no denying that …
- There is no doubt that …
- It is universally acknowledged that …
- Undoubtedly, …
2️⃣ 解释句型
- That is to say, …
- That is because …
- In other words, …
- To be more specific, …
- In this case, …
3️⃣ 举例句型
- As an illustration, …
- Specifically / To be specific, …
- Taking … as an example
4️⃣ 对比 & 转折句型
- By contrast, …
- On the contrary, …
- In comparison, …
- Compared to/with …
- On the other hand, …
5️⃣ 假设句型
- If …, would …
- Without …, …
- If …, then …
- If … had …, … would not have done …
- As long as …
6️⃣ 因果句型
- Therefore, …
- As a result, …
这张图是关于雅思小作文(Task 1)图表题的笔记,内容整理如下:
小作文
图表类型
- Line graph(折线图)
- Pie chart(饼图)
- Bar chart(柱状图)
- Table(表格)
Overview段常用表达:
- Overall, …
- To sum up, …
要点
Trends
- 上升(rise)
- 下降(fall)
- 不变(remain stable)
- 波动(fluctuate)
Points
- 起点(starting point)
- 终点(ending point)
- 最高点(peak)
- 最低点(lowest point)
- 转折点(turning point)
Differences
- 排名变化(ranking changes)
- 数值差异(gap/contrast)
分段方法
- 上下趋势
- 变化幅度
- 大小比较
- 时间阶段
分类 | 动词原形 | 搭配副词 | 搭配介词 |
---|---|---|---|
上升 | increase, climb, grow, rise, go up, surge, soar, rocket | moderately, rapidly, dramatically, drastically, slightly, modestly, sharply, marginally, gradually, continuously | from…to…(从…到…)by(上升了多少)of(整体变化) |
下降 | decrease, drop, fall, decline, go down, dwindle, tumble, plunge, plummet | 同上 | 同上 |
不变 | remain, stay, keep + stable, stabilise, level off | level off:无需副词(本身表示稳定) | at(稳定在某值) |
波动 | experience rises and falls, fluctuate | dramatically, wildly, slightly, moderately | from…to…(波动范围) |
最值 | (reach the) peak, (reach the) bottom | 无需副词 | at(达到某个值) |
交点 | overtake, outnumber, be at the same level with | 无需副词 | 无介词(通常直接跟宾语) |
单阶段变化句型
句型模板:
- XX dropped gradually.
- There was a gradual drop in XX.
- XX had / experienced a gradual drop.
- A gradual drop could be found in XX.
- The four decades witnessed a gradual drop in XX.
对应结构公式:
- XX + 变化动词 + 幅度副词
- There was a + 幅度形容词 + 变化名词 + in XX
- XX had / experienced + 幅度形容词 + 变化名词
- A + 幅度形容词 + 变化名词 + could be found in XX
- 时间段 + witnessed + a + 幅度形容词 + 变化名词 + in XX
多阶段变化句型
句型模板:
- XX grew to a peak but then slumped…
- XX grew to a peak before slumping…
- After growing to a peak, XX slumped…
- The first decade witnessed a growth to a peak, followed by a 30-year period of fall.
对应结构公式:
- XX + 动作1(变化动词 + 副词) + but/and + 动作2(变化动词 + 副词)
- XX + 动作1 + before + 动作2(现在分词 + 副词)
- After + 动作1(现在分词 + 副词), XX + 动作2
- 时间段 + witnessed + 动作1(形容词 + 变化名词), followed by + 动作2(形容词 + 变化名词)
描述类型 | 表达方式 |
---|---|
最大 | dominate, top the list, do more than the others, be the largest |
第二 | followed by, come second, be the second largest |
最小 | insignificant, the least popular |
区间 | range from … to …, cluster between … and … |
倍数 | is twice as much as …, half … |
相似 & 相同 | be the same as, be equal to, be matched by, be similar to |
占比 | constitute, account for, represent, make up |
最大值描述句型
句型模板:
- The number of passengers in Tokyo is the largest.
- Tokyo’s underground railway system is the busiest of all cities.
- Tokyo’s underground railway system serves more passengers than systems in the other five cities.
- Tokyo tops the list of passengers per year.
对应结构公式:
- …的数量 is the largest.(最高级)
- 某物 is the busiest / the most important / …(最高级)
- 某物 does more than the others(比较级)
- 某物 tops the list of sth(top表达)
第二大值描述句型
句型模板:
- The number of passengers in Paris is the second largest.
- Paris comes second with 38 million passengers.
- The number of passengers in Tokyo is the largest, which is followed by the number of passengers in Paris.
对应结构公式:
- …的数量 is the second largest.
- 某物 comes second with + 数据
- 某物 is the largest, which is followed by + 某物
区间的描述句型
句型模板:
- The dates of underground railway systems opened in the other three cities range from 1927 to 1981.
- The histories of the other three cities’ underground railway systems cluster between 94 years old and 40 years old.
对应结构公式:
- … range from … to …(表示范围起止)
- … cluster between … and …(表示聚集在某一范围内)
倍数的描述句型
句型模板:
- The route of London’s railway system is almost twice as long as that of Paris’s system.
- The length of Paris’s system is 199 km, which is about half that of London’s railway system.
对应结构公式:
- … is twice / three times as adj. as …(…是…的两倍/三倍)
- … is half …(…是…的一半)
相似数值的描述句型
句型模板:
- The number of passengers per year in Kyoto is similar to that in Los Angeles (… and … respectively).
- The underground railway systems in Kyoto and Los Angeles serve similar numbers of passengers per year (… and … each).
对应结构公式:
- … is similar to …
- … and … do (e.g. share / have / serve) similar numbers / amounts of …
阅读
词汇补充
across prep. 跨越;穿过
fertiliser n. 肥料
pesticide n. 杀虫剂
the + n. 代词,回指上文
as:
- 连词:因为,和……一样,当……时候,虽然 + 句子
- 代词:加定语从句,翻译为这/这种情况
- 介词:作为 + 名词/名词短语
domestic adj. 国内的;家庭的;驯养的
stage n. 舞台;阶段;时期
bi-双, mono-单
cultivate v. 养殖
peripheral adj. 外围的;次要的 n. 外部设备(尤指计算机的)
valid adj. 有效的;合理的;合法的
other than prep./conj. 除了;不同于;而不是
生词整理
negotiate v. 通过
pavilion n. 亭子
alter v. 改变
spectacular adj. 壮观的
sector n. 部门;领域;扇形
revitalise v. 使复兴;使恢复活力
deterioration n. 恶化;退化;变坏
freight n. 货运;货物运输
strategy n. 策略;战略
prohibitively adv. (价格)过高地;令人望而却步地
innovation n. 创新;革新
gamble v. 赌博;冒险 n. 赌博;冒险行为
collaborative adj. 合作的;协作的
interchange n. 互换;交流;(公路)立体交叉道 v. 交换;互换
organism n. 有机体;生物;有生命的个体
assure v. 保证;确保;使确信
commitment n. 承诺;投入;责任
dominant adj. 占主导地位的;主要的;显性的
transit n. 运输;过境
orbital adj. 轨道的;环绕的 n. 轨道(尤指电子轨道)
toxic adj. 有毒的;有害的
parallax n. 视差
dispute n. 争端;争执 v. 争论;对…表示异议
imitation n. 模仿;仿制品
interaction n. 互动;相互作用
emerge v. 出现;显现;浮现
domestic adj. 国内的;家庭的;驯养的
rational adj. 理性的;合理的 n. 有理数
discipline n. 纪律;学科;训练 v. 训练;惩戒
ethically adv. 合乎道德地;伦理上地
obligation n. 义务;责任;职责
填空题
关键词
定位词:
特殊词(大写、数字、特殊符号、时间、地点)
实义词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)
考点词:空格前后的同义替换
判断题
同序
定位1-3句
有代词,语句
考点单一
是非:看谓语,判断做没做,有没有
比较:圈因果词,找因和果,注意因果倒置
绝对:圈绝对词,找绝对范围,注意反向解释
数字:找数字和数字对象,看关系是否一致
目的:找目的词,动作,看动作和目的是否一致
TRUE/YES 完整+同替
FALSE/NO 相反或矛盾
NOT GIVEN 定位缺失,考点缺失,关系缺失
特征匹配
- 文中圈选项
- 读题划关键词
- 想同义替换
- 读文章定位句,找同义替换
选择题
- 抓主语,题目主语是谁,文章定位对应
- 题目和文章结构要一致
- 答案是句子和段落最重要的信息
- 一题一段,长段落除外
- 错误类型:答非所问、以偏概全、逻辑混乱、无中生有、内容矛盾
主旨类:用选项定位匹配
point, suggest, claim
首、二、末、转折词后、主干
例子类:考察例子支撑的论点句
example/具体事物/illustrate/exemplify
看例子前后,有指代往前看
事实类:用题干信息定位匹配
段落信息匹配
在段落最重要的句子中(首、二、末、转折词后),或在其他题的答案句附近
听力
生词整理
fence n. 篱笆
sweaty adj. 出汗的
pine tree n. 松树
palm tree n. 棕榈树
crow n. 乌鸦
scarecrow n. 稻草人
maze n. 迷宫
puzzle n. 谜题;拼图
quiz n. 小测验;问答游戏
barn n. 谷仓;牲口棚
sculpture n. 雕塑
foyer n. 门厅;休息厅
box office n. 售票处
cloakroom n. 衣帽间
refreshment n. 点心;饮料;提神之物(常用于复数)= snack(小吃)
retail n./v. 零售 = sale(销售)
retailer n. 零售商;零售商店(向顾客出售商品的人或企业)
majority n. 大多数;多数 ≈ most(大部分)
reservation n. 预订;保留 = booking(预订)
reserve v. 预订;保留 = book(预订)
present n. 礼物 = gift(礼物)
present v. 呈现;展示 adj. 出席的;现在的
at present = now 现在;目前
herb n. 草本植物;香草;药草
ceramic adj. 陶瓷的 n. 陶瓷制品;陶器
wax n. 蜡
wax v. 给…打蜡;(月亮)渐圆,增大
tax n. 税;税款 v. 征税;对…课税
work on v. 从事于;致力于;修理;影响
stock n. 库存;股票;储备 v. 储备;进货 adj. 常备的;老套的
premiere n. 首映;首次公演 v. 首次上映;首演
smash v. 粉碎;猛撞;打破(记录) n. 破碎;猛击;轰动的成功
sibling n. 兄弟姐妹
mayor n. 市长
revolve v. 旋转;围绕;反复思考
continent n. 大陆;洲
disposing v. 处理;处置(dispose 的现在分词)
drainage n. 排水;排水系统;排水能力
pollutant n. 污染物;污染源
coordination n. 协调;配合;协作
coexist v. 共存;同时存在
spoil v. 破坏;宠坏;(食物)变质 n. 战利品(常用复数 spoils)
authority n. 权威;权力;当局(常用复数 authorities)
priority n. 优先事项;优先权;最重要的事
sequence n. 顺序;序列;一系列 v. 按顺序排列;为…排序(尤指基因)
outline n. 概要;轮廓;提纲 v. 概述;勾勒…的轮廓
bullet point n. 项目符号(用于列出要点的符号或短句)
domestic adj. 国内的;家庭的;驯养的
cloakroom n. 衣帽间;(英)洗手间(尤指公共场所的)
happen to v. 碰巧;恰好;偶然发生在…身上
about to v. 即将;正要(做某事)
exterior adj. 外部的;外部用的 n. 外部;外观 = outside = outdoor
interior adj. 内部的;室内的 n. 内部;内地 = inside = indoor
sandstone n. 砂岩(由沙粒压实而成的沉积岩)
plain adj. 平坦的;朴素的;清楚的 n. 平原;旷野
plateau n. 高原;稳定期;停滞期 v. 达到稳定水平;进入停滞期
cliff n. 悬崖;峭壁
landscape n. 风景;景观;地貌 v. 美化(环境)
hectare n. 公顷(面积单位,1 公顷 = 10,000 平方米)
tribal adj. 部落的;部族的
mentor n. 导师;良师益友 v. 指导;辅导
refurbish v. 翻新;整修 = redecorate(重新装饰)≈ rebuild(重建)
一词多义
bank n. 银行;河岸
plan n. 计划;平面图
plant n. 植物;工厂
drive v./n. 开车;车道
practice n. 练习;诊所(医生/律师事务所)
读、猜、听、写、查
- read
- instruction
- title
- key word
- predict
- topic, situation, who
- n., v., adj., adv.
- listen
- key word
- paraphrase
- writing
- speed
- grammar
- check
- spelling
- grammar
- tense(词性)
- format(格式)
一致性原则
- 否定:not, nether, no, none, nothing, never, without, except
- 比较级:more than, rather than, +er
- 最高级:most, +est
- 所有格:’s, their, yours, mine, its, …
- 前后缀:ing, ly
语音拼写:
- t-d
- tr-dr
- c-g
- p-b
大写
name
Monday, October
25th October
postcode L2T 2IZ
25 Nigara Road/Street/Avenue
25 ② road
① ② road
① ② ③, London
地图题
- NSWE,LR
- 起始点(箭头, entrance, you are here, start from, 最小题号)
- 路线(题号)
- 答案=定位+方位
前:front, ahead, facing
后:behind, back
旁边:beside, nearby, next to, close to, artound, surrounding, on the other/opposite side, far side, next door
中间:middle, center, between, cross(穿过) & pass(经过)
角落:corner, angle
常用词:exit, entrance, bench 长椅, pavement 人行道, bush 灌木
重要:pedestrain 行人, pedestrain crossing 斑马线, bend 转弯, side road 辅路,小路, intersection 路口, junction 交汇, corridor 走廊, circular series of path 环形路, small winding road 蜿蜒小路, promenade 沿海步道, ramp 坡道
选择题
时间分配
key words = 主题词加限定条件
转折结构
but, however, whereas, although, though, except, so, because, therefore
绝对选项排除法(用常识)
all, everything, none, nothing, must
并列结构
and, or, with, as well as, also
答案句特征词(强调)
- 重要 importantly, significantly
- 尤其 especially,particularly, specifically
- 事实 actually, in fact
- 显然 obviously, clearly, apparently
- 真的 really, do
- 当然 of course, sure, absolutely, definitely
- 最终 lastly, eventually, ultimately
匹配题
标题陷阱:form, change
提分要诀:
- 选项多时不重选
- 难句往往有解释
- 语气表达态度
- 越相似越选
- 简单的同义改写
- 跟选择同出,篇易;跟填空同出,偏难
四大限定
- 时间限定: immediately, recently, currently, now, at this moment, at present
- 数量限定: mainly, mostly, majority, most
- 人物限定: both, agree
- 态度限定: surprise, amaze, interesting, fascinating, unexpected, not realized, unaware, not conscious
口语
Adjectives — Personality(性格)
- Friendly – 友好的
- Generous – 慷慨的
- Optimistic – 乐观的
- Patient – 有耐心的
- Diligent – 勤奋的
- Humorous – 幽默的
- Kind-hearted – 善良的
- Confident – 自信的
- Thoughtful – 体贴的
- Sociable – 善于交际的
- Loyal – 忠诚的
- Trustworthy – 可信赖的
- Supportive – 支持的
- Caring – 关心的
- Understanding – 理解的
- Reliable – 可靠的
- Honest – 诚实的
- Compassionate – 有同情心的
- Encouraging – 鼓励的
- Dependable – 可信任的
Adjectives — Appearance(外貌)
- Attractive – 有吸引力的
- Handsome – 英俊的
- Beautiful – 美丽的
- Elegant – 优雅的
- Charming – 迷人的
- Stylish – 时尚的
- Graceful – 优美的
- Radiant – 容光焕发的
- Youthful – 年轻的
- Well-groomed – 整洁的
Relationship(关系)
- Childhood friend – 青梅竹马 / 童年好友
- Lifelong friend – 一生的朋友
- Roommate – 室友
- Colleague-turned-friend – 从同事变成朋友的人
Activities(活动)
- Hang out – 闲逛、聚会
- Catch up – 朋友小聚 / 叙旧
- 例句:“We usually grab a coffee and catch up after work.”
- Have deep talks – 深度交谈 / 谈心
- Play board games – 玩桌游
- Meet up with – 和……见面 / 聚会
Shopping(购物相关词汇)
中文 | 英文表达 | 补充表达 | 英文词汇 | 音标 |
---|---|---|---|---|
省钱 | save money | 价格合理的 | affordable | /əˈfɔː.də.bəl/ |
本地市场 | local markets | 质量 | quality | /ˈkwɒ.lə.ti/ |
特价优惠 | special offers | 便宜货;讨价还价 | bargain | /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn/ |
划算的交易 | good deals | 折扣 | discount | /ˈdɪs.kaʊnt/ |
在线平台 | online platforms | 冲动 | impulse | /ˈɪm.pʌls/ |
Shopping(服务体验类表达)
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
---|---|
helpful staff | 乐于助人的员工 |
went above and beyond | 超出预期的服务 |
patient and friendly | 耐心且友善 |
solved my problem | 解决了我的问题 |
made me feel valued | 让我感到被重视 |
Shopping词汇积累
英文表达 | 中文释义 | 英文表达 | 中文释义 |
---|---|---|---|
informative | 信息丰富的 | emotional | 感人的 |
annoying | 令人烦恼的 | humorous | 幽默的 |
creative | 有创意的 | short and clear | 简短清晰的 |
interrupt | 打断 | visually appealing | 视觉上吸引人的 |
useful | 有用的 | everywhere | 到处 |
memorable | 难忘的 | posters | 海报 |
catchy jingle | 朗朗上口的广告歌 | screens | 屏幕 |
funny | 有趣的 | hard to avoid | 难以避免的 |
still remember | 仍然记得 | didn’t meet my expectations | 没达到我的期望 |
changed my mind | 改变了主意 | faulty product | 有缺陷的产品 |
return policy | 退货政策 | full refund | 全额退款 |
网络活动类表达
英文表达 | 中文释义 | 英文表达 | 中文释义 |
---|---|---|---|
Scroll social media | 刷社交媒体 | Chat with friends online | 与朋友线上聊天 |
Go online | 上网 | Play online games | 玩网络游戏 |
Check emails/messages | 查看邮件/消息 | Online shopping | 线上购物 |
Social media | 社交媒体 | Share posts | 分享帖子 |
Spend time online | 刷时间上网 | Stream videos/music | 播放视频/音乐 |
Watch videos/movies online | 线上看视频/电影 | Be hooked on something | 对某事上瘾 |
科技产品与功能表达
词汇 | 中文释义 | 音标 | 相关表达 | 中文释义 |
---|---|---|---|---|
brand | 品牌 | /brænd/ | video call | 视频通话 |
convenient | 方便的 | /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/ | send messages | 发消息 |
upgrade | 升级 | /ʌpˈɡreɪd/ | latest features | 最新的功能 |
cost-effective | 性价比高 | /ˌkɒst ɪˈfek.tɪv/ | advanced technology | 先进科技 |
紧急与功能性表达
- Urgent situation – 紧急情况
- Navigation app – 导航应用
- Emergency – 紧急情况
- Important call – 重要电话
- Crucial – 关键的
- App functionality – 应用功能
- Real-time – 实时
- Life-saving – 拯救生命的